How does proofreading differ from editing?

The distinction between proofreading and editing is essential in the writing process, and the correct answer highlights that proofreading primarily focuses on the finer details of writing, such as punctuation and grammar.

When proofreading, the goal is to meticulously review the final draft to identify and correct any typographical errors, misspellings, grammatical mistakes, and punctuation issues. This process is critical after editing, as it ensures that the document is free of errors that could distract the reader or undermine the author's credibility.

Editing, on the other hand, encompasses a broader revision of the content, including the structure, tone, clarity, and overall cohesiveness of the message. It involves checking how well the information is organized, whether ideas flow logically, and if the content effectively communicates its purpose. While editing may also involve correcting grammar and punctuation, the primary focus of editing is on improving the overall quality and effectiveness of the writing, rather than merely fixing surface-level errors.

Thus, the emphasis on punctuation and grammar in proofreading emphasizes its role as a final quality control step before publication or distribution, which is why it is the correct choice in this context.